Sir William Douglas 1st Baron of Drumlanrig

  General Notes:

Sir William Douglas, 1st of Drumlanrig (born c1378 died c1421) was the illegitimate son of James Douglas, 2nd Earl of Douglas.

He was granted the Barony of Drumlanrig by his father in the 1380s. By the age of about 20 he had been knighted, and in October 1405 he was granted safe conduct by Henry IV of England to attend a tournament in London.

He spent the next few years 'constantly passing to England, either as a commissioner for truce, as a hostage, or on diplomatic business'.[1] Possibly in recognition of his role as hostage on his behalf, he was granted the Barony of Hawick by his cousin Archibald, 4th Earl of Douglas, in 1407. In 1412 he was back in Henry IV's Court to negotiate the release of James I of Scotland, who had been captured by the English when a boy 10 years earlier.[2]

The Douglas family had built its reputation on border warfare with the English, but this conflict had declined from the 1380s.[3] Instead, the war between France and England on the continent offered opportunities for military glory. At the invitation of the French Dauphin Charles, Drumlanrig brought a company of 450 men to France in the fight alongside the French forces against the English.[4] In 1420 he led a Scots force to defeat at Fresnay,[5] where he lost his banner to the English forces.[6] He was present during the victory against the English at the Battle of Baugé in 1421,[7] but he probably died that same year whilst in France. (The later date of 1427, often presented as his year of death on genealogy websites, was instead the year his son was 'retoured' to his father, that is confirmed as his heir, when it was noted his father had died six years earlier).[8]

Marriage and issue
He had one son, William Douglas, 2nd of Drumlanrig, and a daughter, Marion Douglas (born c.1402), who married Robert de Chisholm.

There are various versions about who William Douglas married. Whilst most sources suggest he married Elizabeth Stewart of Durisdeer, [9] [10] [11] other sources suggest he subsequently married Jean Murray (c1402) and after her death, Jacoba Douglas (c1410).[12]

Percy Adams, writing in 1921, omits any reference to Elizabeth and names only the two other women as his wives. He posits Jean Murray as the mother of his heir, William, 2nd Lord Drumlanrig.[13]

Similarly, Elizabeth Stewart may have married Michael Mercer (after separating from Willlam) and gone on to have 3 children with him.[14]

William married Lady Elizabeth Stewart of Durisdeer, daughter of Robert Stewart Lord of Durisdeer and Janet MacDougal of Ergadia and Lorn. (Lady Elizabeth Stewart of Durisdeer was born on 7 Nov 1372 in Sterling Castle, Sterlingshire, Scotland and died on 3 Nov 1411 in Dalkeith Castle, Dalkeith, Midlothian, Scotland.)